- Idiopathic: Most common cause.
- Hypothyroidism:
- Cleidocranial dysplasia: Look for incomplete ossification of the clavicle and a bell-shaped thorax.
- Down syndrome:
- Osteogenesis imperfecta:
- Hypophosphatasia:
- Menkes kinky hair syndrome: Metaphyseal flaring, long-bone fractures and wormian bones.
- Progeria: Look for acroosteolysis, hypoplastic facial bones and sinuses, open cranial sutures and fontanelles, coxa valga.
- Pyknodysostosis: Look for open cranial sutures and fontanelles, scaphocephaly, sclerotic vertebrae, fractured long bones, stubby hands, partial agenesis of terminal phalanges (mimics acroosteolysis)
- Hajdu-Cheney syndrome: Look for band-like acroosteolysis, among other findings.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Wormian Bones
Wormian bones are small intrasutural bones of the skull vault named after Ole Worm (not because of their resemblance to certain non-arthropod invertebrates). They are most commonly found along the lambdoid suture, as in the case shown above. Wormian bones can be seen with:
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