- Ebstein anomaly: Massive right atrial enlargement. Decreased pulmonary blood flow.
- Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: Massive right atrial enlargement. Decreased pulmonary blood flow.
- Large pericardial effusion: Seen in hydrops fetalis, sepsis, cardiac tumors, thyroid dysfunction, and diaphragmatic hernia into the pericardial sac.
- Atypical large arteriovenous shunts: For example, peripheral arteriovenous malformations or intracardiac arteriovenous malformations (e.g., coronary artery-right heart fistula). Pulmonary vascularity may be normal due to the high pulmonary vascular resistance of newborns.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic mothers:
- Cardiac or mediastinal mass mimicking massive cardiomegaly: Rhabdomyoma (e.g., in children with tuberous sclerosis), teratomas, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (before gas enters the bowel).
Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Wall-to-wall Cardiothymic Silhouette in Neonates
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