In neonates and infants, the renal parenchyma may have increased echogenicity as a normal finding. In older children and adults, the normal renal cortex should be less echogenic than the liver. Causes of abnormally increased renal cortical echogenicity include:
- Renal dysplasia: Small kidneys
- Chronic renal failure: Small kidneys
- AIDS: Normal-sized kidneys
- Nephrotic syndrome: Normal to large kidneys
- Acute glomerulonephritis: Normal to large kidneys (case shown above in a 7-year-old patient with enlarged hyperechoic kidneys).
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome: Normal to large kidneys
- Lymphoma: Normal to large kidneys
- Acute pyelonephritis: Normal to large kidneys
- Sickle cell anemia: Normal to large kidneys
- Glycogen storage disease: Large kidneys
- Polycystic kidney disease: Large kidneys
References
In neonates and infants, the renal parenchyma may have increased echogenicity as a normal finding. In older children and adults, the normal renal cortex should be less echogenic than the liver. Causes of abnormally increased renal cortical echogenicity include:
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