An ivory vertebra is a vertebral body with normal size and contour and normal adjacent discs that has increased density on radiographs.
The main differential considerations include:
- Osteoblastic tumor: In children, consider osteosarcoma, metastatic neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, and osteoblastoma. In adults consider metastatic breast or prostate cancer.
- Lymphoma: Usually Hodgkin lymphoma
- Paget disease: Usually causes expansion of the vertebral body, in which case it doesn't exactly fit the definition.
- Idiopathic segmental sclerosis: Reactive bone formation in response to stress.
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