Cystic Bronchiectasis

Lower lobes:

• Viral infection: In children
• Primary ciliary dyskinesia: 50% associated with situs inversus (Kartagener syndrome)
• Immunodeficiency: For example, agammaglobulinemia
• Williams-Campbell syndrome: Deficiency in cartilage of the third- to sixth-order bronchi. Usually presents in childhood with coughing and wheezing and recurrent pneumonias. Expiratory CT may reveal collapse of bronchi with distal air trapping and normal-caliber trachea and central bronchi.
• Tracheobronchomegaly: Also known as Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. Rare congenital abnormality of the trachea and main bronchi.

Upper lobes, symmetric:

• Cystic fibrosis:

Upper lobes, asymmetric:

• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis:
• Tuberculosis:
• Endobronchial tumor:
• Bronchial atresia: